欧盟人工智能法案透明度义务：第13条和第50条

第13条：对部署者的透明度

高风险人工智能的提供者必须向部署者提供足够的信息，以便正确使用该系统并进行有效的监督。

• 提供者的身份和联系方式
• 预期用途、准确性、稳健性和网络安全属性
• 已知限制和已知可预见的滥用
• 对特定人员或群体的表现
• 输入数据要求和预期的输出解释
• 人工监督措施以及如何实施这些措施
• 维护和生命周期预期

第50条：对用户和公众的透明度

第50条的适用范围比仅高风险系统更广泛。四个核心义务：

• 人工智能互动披露——必须告知自然人他们正在与人工智能系统互动（例如，聊天机器人），除非从上下文中可以明显看出。
• 合成内容标记——人工智能生成的声音、图像、视频或文本必须是机器可读的，并且可以检测出是人工生成的。
• 深度伪造披露——描绘真实人物或事件的内容必须被披露为人工生成，但明确的艺术、讽刺或虚构作品除外。
• 公共利益文本——人工智能生成的内容如果用于向公众提供有关公共利益相关事宜的信息，则必须进行披露，除非有进行人工审查和编辑责任。

第13条和第50条如何相互作用

这两个透明度制度在价值链的不同层级上运行：

第13条是提供者和部署者之间的B2B义务。第50条面向最终用户。高风险聊天机器人的提供者既要向其企业部署者提供第13条规定的文档，又要向与聊天机器人互动的自然人提供第50条规定的信息。

Article 50 Exceptions and Implementation Checklist

Article 50 disclosure duties come with narrow exceptions, and Article 13 documentation has concrete build requirements. Work through both:

• Interaction disclosure exception — you can skip the "you are talking to an AI" notice only where it is obvious to a reasonably well-informed person from the context of use; when in doubt, disclose
• Deepfake artistic exception — for evidently artistic, creative, satirical, or fictional work, the disclosure can be limited to a form that does not hamper the display or enjoyment of the work, rather than omitted entirely
• Law-enforcement exception — detection, prevention, investigation, and prosecution of criminal offences may be exempt from certain synthetic-content and interaction duties where authorised by law
• Machine-readable marking — synthetic-content marking must be effective, interoperable, robust, and reliable as far as technically feasible; plan for a durable technique such as watermarks, metadata, or cryptographic provenance signals
• Article 13 instructions for use — package provider identity, intended purpose, accuracy and robustness metrics, known limitations, and human-oversight measures into deployer-facing documentation you can version and update
• Timing — Article 50 transparency duties apply from 2 August 2026; build the disclosure and marking mechanisms into your product now rather than retrofitting them

This checklist is an editorial summary, not legal advice; confirm the exact conditions of each exception against the regulation text and any AI Office guidance before relying on it.