ईयू एआई ऐक्ट जीपीएआई दायित्वहरू: अध्याय V गाईड
ईयू एआई ऐक्टको अध्याय V ले सामान्य-उद्देश्यीय एआई (जीपीएआई) लाई नियमन गर्दछ - धेरै मानिसहरूले यसलाई आधारभूत मोडेल भन्छन्। यहाँ दुई तहहरू छन्: धारा 53 अन्तर्गत मानक जीपीएआई दायित्वहरू, र धारा 55 अन्तर्गत प्रणालीगत जोखिम भएका मोडेलहरूका लागि अतिरिक्त दायित्वहरू।
ईयू एआई ऐक्ट जीपीएआई दायित्वहरू: अध्याय V गाईड
ईयू एआई ऐक्टको अध्याय V ले सामान्य-उद्देश्यीय एआई (जीपीएआई) लाई नियमन गर्दछ - धेरै मानिसहरूले यसलाई आधारभूत मोडेल भन्छन्। यहाँ दुई तहहरू छन्: धारा 53 अन्तर्गत मानक जीपीएआई दायित्वहरू, र धारा 55 अन्तर्गत प्रणालीगत जोखिम भएका मोडेलहरूका लागि अतिरिक्त दायित्वहरू।
अन्तिम अपडेट: July 4, 2026
जीपीएआई के हो?
ईयू एआई ऐक्टले सामान्य-उद्देश्यीय एआई मोडेलहरूलाई व्यापक रूपमा परिभाषित गर्दछ:
एउटा एआई मोडेल जसले महत्त्वपूर्ण सामान्यता प्रदर्शन गर्दछ र यसलाई बजारमा कसरी राखिएको भए पनि, विभिन्न प्रकारका कार्यहरू कुशलतापूर्वक गर्न सक्षम हुन्छ। अधिकांश ठूला भाषा मोडेलहरू, छवि-उत्पादन मोडेलहरू, र बहु-मोडल आधारभूत मोडेलहरू योग्य हुन्छन्।
धारा 53: मानक जीपीएआई प्रदायक दायित्वहरू
सबै जीपीएआई प्रदायकहरूले यी आधारभूत आवश्यकताहरू पूरा गर्नुपर्छ:
- प्रशिक्षण र परीक्षण प्रक्रिया सहितको प्राविधिक प्रलेखन राख्नुहोस्
- मोडेललाई एकीकृत गर्ने डाउनस्ट्रीम प्रदायकहरूलाई जानकारी प्रदान गर्नुहोस्
- ईयू प्रतिलिपि अधिकार कानूनको पालना गर्नुहोस्, पाठ-र-डेटा-खननबाट अलग हुन सक्ने नीतिसहित
- प्रशिक्षण डेटाको पर्याप्त विस्तृत सारांश प्रकाशित गर्नुहोस्
- यदि ईयू बाहिर स्थापना गरिएको छ भने, ईयू प्रतिनिधि तोक्नुहोस्
धारा 55: प्रणालीगत-जोखिम जीपीएआई दायित्वहरू
सिस्टमगत-जोखिम थ्रेसहोल्ड पूरा गर्ने मोडेलहरू (हाल 10²⁵ FLOPs को प्रशिक्षण कम्प्युट, सूचक) अतिरिक्त कर्तव्यहरूको सामना गर्छन्:
- मोडेल मूल्याङ्कनहरू, प्रतिकूल परीक्षण सहित
- सिस्टमगत-जोखिम मूल्याङ्कन र न्यूनीकरण
- साइबर सुरक्षा सुरक्षा
- गम्भीर घटनाको बारेमा एआई कार्यालयमा रिपोर्ट गर्नुहोस्
- ऊर्जा खपतको प्रकटीकरण
व्यवहारको संहिता
आयोगले जीपीएआई प्रदायकहरूका लागि स्वैच्छिक व्यवहारको संहितालाई सुविधा प्रदान गरेको छ:
स्वीकृति स्वैच्छिक हो तर यसले यसले समेटेका दायित्वहरूको अनुपालनको presumption प्रदान गर्दछ।
ओपन-सोर्स छुट
ओपन-सोर्स जीपीएआई मोडेलहरूले नियमन अन्तर्गत अनुकूल उपचार प्राप्त गर्छन्:
मुक्त र ओपन-सोर्स इजाजतपत्रहरू अन्तर्गत जारी गरिएका जीपीएआई मोडेलहरूलाई प्राय: धारा 53 बाट छुट दिइन्छ, प्रतिलिपि अधिकार र प्रशिक्षण-डेटा-सारांश दायित्वहरू बाहेक - र यो छुट प्रणालीगत-जोखिम-स्तर मोडेलहरूमा बिल्कुल पनि लागू हुँदैन।
GPAI Compliance Timeline
The Chapter V obligations phase in on their own schedule, distinct from the high-risk deadlines:
- 2 August 2025 — the GPAI provider obligations under Articles 53 and 55 begin to apply to models placed on the market from this date
- 2 August 2026 — the AI Office's supervisory and enforcement powers over GPAI providers become applicable
- 2 August 2027 — GPAI models already on the market before 2 August 2025 must be brought into compliance by this date
- Signing the Code of Practice — providers who adhere to the GPAI Code of Practice can rely on it to demonstrate conformity while harmonised standards are still being developed
Dates reflect Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 as it stands; confirm against the latest Official Journal text and AI Office guidance, which may evolve.
How AIAgentree helps
AIAgentree governs how your agents use GPAI models in production, giving you the downstream documentation and incident evidence Chapter V expects.
- Tamper-evident decision records log how a GPAI-backed agent reasoned toward each decision, giving you durable evidence for downstream-provider documentation and serious-incident reporting
- Human-oversight and approval workflows plus outcome tracking help you evidence the risk-mitigation and monitoring practices Article 55 asks of systemic-risk deployments
- Python and TypeScript SDKs with REST, MCP, A2A, and OpenTelemetry integrate model-usage evidence into your compliance stack, with EU data residency in Germany and audit-fit retention of at least six months
Frequently Asked Questions
What counts as a general-purpose AI model under the EU AI Act?
A GPAI model is one that displays significant generality and can competently perform a wide range of distinct tasks, regardless of how it is released. Most large language models, image-generation models, and multimodal foundation models fall within this definition.
What is the systemic-risk threshold for GPAI?
A GPAI model is presumed to carry systemic risk when the cumulative compute used for its training exceeds 10^25 floating-point operations, an indicative threshold the Commission can adjust. Such models face extra duties under Article 55, including model evaluations, adversarial testing, risk mitigation, cybersecurity, and serious-incident reporting.
Is the GPAI Code of Practice mandatory?
No. The Code of Practice is voluntary. Providers who adhere to it can use it to demonstrate conformity with their Chapter V obligations while harmonised standards are still being finalised; providers who do not sign it must demonstrate compliance by other adequate means.
Are open-source models exempt from the GPAI rules?
Only partly. GPAI models released under a free and open-source license are largely exempt from the Article 53 obligations, but they must still meet the copyright-policy and training-data-summary duties. The exemption does not apply at all to models that meet the systemic-risk threshold.
Continue exploring the EU AI Act guide
EU AI Act Compliance Guide
The complete guide to EU AI Act compliance for AI agents — start here.
Article 12 — Record-Keeping & Logging
What every high-risk AI system must log, and how to capture it.
Article 14 — Human Oversight
Designing effective human-in-the-loop controls for AI decisions.
Annex III — High-Risk AI Systems
Which AI use cases the Act classifies as high-risk.
EU AI Act Compliance Checklist
A step-by-step checklist to reach and document compliance.
Compliance Cost Calculator
Estimate your EU AI Act compliance effort and cost.
Deadlines & Timeline
Key enforcement dates, including the August 2, 2026 deadline.
Fines & Penalties
Penalty tiers up to €35M or 7% of global annual turnover.
Transparency Obligations (Art. 13 & 50)
Disclosure duties for AI systems and their outputs.
Risk Management & Conformity Assessment
Build a risk management system and assess conformity.
EU AI Act for US Companies
Extraterritorial scope and what US providers must do.
Omnibus Update
The latest changes to the EU AI Act timeline and rules.
Penalty Calculator
Estimate your maximum fine under the Article 99 tiers.
Article 11 + Annex IV
What technical documentation the EU AI Act requires.
Article 26: Deployer Obligations
What deployers of high-risk AI must do, including log retention.
Article 17: Quality Management
The QMS providers of high-risk AI must document.
Article 10: Data Governance
Data quality, bias mitigation, and governance duties.
Article 4: AI Literacy
The staff AI-literacy duty in force since February 2025.
Deployer vs Provider
Who bears which obligation — and when a deployer becomes a provider.
FRIA (Article 27)
Who must run a Fundamental Rights Impact Assessment, and how.
Who Does It Apply To?
Scope, operators, and the extraterritorial reach of the EU AI Act.
Post-Market Monitoring
Articles 72–73: ongoing monitoring and incident reporting.
ISO 42001 vs EU AI Act
How the voluntary standard and the binding law fit together.
NIST AI RMF vs EU AI Act
A practical crosswalk between the framework and the law.
EU AI Act for Healthcare
High-risk medical AI, MDR/IVDR interplay, and clinician oversight.
EU AI Act for Financial Services
Credit scoring, insurance pricing, and existing financial regulation.
EU AI Act for HR & Employment
Hiring AI as high-risk, plus NYC LL144 and EEOC overlap.